Definition of Postzygotic Isolation in Evolution

Meaning of Postzygotic Isolation in Evolution Speciation is the disparity of at least two genealogies from a typical progenitor. For speciation to happen, there must be some conceptive disengagement that happens between once in the past repeating individuals from the first predecessor species. While a large portion of these regenerative seclusions are prezygotic disengagements, there are still a few kinds of postzygotic disconnection that prompts ensuring the recently made species remain isolate and don't meet back together. Before the postzygotic separation can occur, there must be a posterity conceived from a male and female of two distinct species. This implies there were no prezygotic seclusions, similar to the fitting together of the sex organs or inconsistency of the gametes or contrasts in mating customs or areas, that kept the species in regenerative segregation. When the sperm and the egg intertwine during preparation in ​sexual proliferation, a diploid zygote is delivered. The zygote at that point proceeds to form into the posterity that is conceived and ideally will at that point become a practical grown-up. Be that as it may, posterity of two distinct species (known as a half and half) are not generally reasonable. At times they will self-prematurely end before being conceived. Different occasions, they will be wiped out or powerless as they create. Regardless of whether they make it to adulthood, a half and half will no doubt be not able to deliver its posterity and accordingly fortify the idea that the two species are progressively fit to their surroundings as isolated species as regular choice chips away at the crossovers. The following are the various kinds of postzygotic seclusion systems that strengthen the possibility that the two species that made the crossover are in an ideal situation as discrete species and should proceed with development on their own ways. The Zygote Is Not Viable Regardless of whether the sperm and the egg from the two separate species can combine during preparation, that doesn't mean the zygote will endure. The contrary qualities of the gametes might be a result of the quantity of chromosomes every species has or how those gametes are framed during meiosis. A half and half of two species that don't have perfect chromosomes fit as a fiddle, size, or number will frequently self-prematurely end or not make it to full term. On the off chance that the cross breed figures out how to make it to birth, it regularly has at any rate one, and almost certain numerous deformities that shield it from turning into a solid, working grown-up that can imitate and go down its qualities to the people to come. Common determination guarantees that solitary the people with great adjustments endure sufficiently long to repeat. Consequently, if the mixture structure isn't sufficiently able to endure sufficiently long to recreate, it strengthens the possibility that the two species should remain discrete. Grown-ups of the Hybrid Species Are Not Viable In the event that the half and half can get by through the zygote and early life stages, it will end up being a grown-up. Notwithstanding, it doesn't imply that it will flourish once it arrives at adulthood. Half and halves are frequently not appropriate for their condition the manner in which an unadulterated animal types would be. They may experience difficulty vieing for assets, for example, food and asylum. Without the necessities of supporting life, the grown-up would not be practical in its condition. By and by, this puts the crossover at an unmistakable hindrance development astute, and common determination steps in to address the circumstance. People that are not feasible and not attractive will probably not duplicate and go down its qualities to its posterity. This, once more, fortifies the possibility of speciation and keeping the genealogies on the tree of life veering off. Grown-ups of the Hybrid Species Are Not Fertile Despite the fact that cross breeds are not predominant for all species in nature, there are numerous half and halves out there that were practical zygotes and even suitable grown-ups. Be that as it may, most creature half and halves are sterile at adulthood. A significant number of these half breeds have chromosome inconsistencies that make them sterile. So despite the fact that they endure improvement and are sufficiently able to make it to adulthood, they can't replicate and go down their qualities to the people to come. Since, in nature, wellness is dictated by the quantity of posterity an individual deserts and the qualities are passed on, half and halves are generally viewed as unfit since they can't go down their qualities. Most sorts of cross breeds must be made by the mating of two distinct species rather than two half and halves creating their own posterity of their species. For example, a donkey is a half breed of a jackass and a pony. In any case, donkeys are sterile and can't create posterity, so the best way to make more donkeys is to mate more jackasses and ponies.

For each of the following concepts provide a definition, a complete Essay

For every one of the accompanying ideas give a definition, a total clarification concerning their importance, and a down to earth model. How are the matched ideas comparable How are they extraordinary - Essay Example A general thought regarding the different significant biological issues become clear in a significant investigation of a portion of the matched ideas, for example, Riparian versus earlier allocation water rights, ideal instream stream versus ideal hold site choice, import reliance proportion versus reusing proportion, most extreme economical yield versus least reasonable populace, and supportable versus customary agribusiness. To characterize the idea of Riparian water rights, it alludes to the arrangement of conveying water among different individuals who own the land a propos the wellspring of water and this water right has begun from the English precedent-based law. In different nations with a custom-based law legacy to the English custom-based law, Riparian rights are utilized as the significant arrangement of designating water among the proprietors of the land about its source, and these nations incorporate Canada, Australia, and states in the eastern United States. Hence, the Riparian rights depend on English precedent-based law standards and they are basically utilized in sticky east of the United States. At its securing measurement, the Riparian rights make the water accessible to riparian landowners who are adjoining water and it is regularly restricted to land inside a watershed. As against Riparian water rights, earlier allotment water rights, or the Colorado Doctrine, alludes to the arrangement of apportioning water rights from a water source dependent on the standards of Jeffersonian popular government and these rights particularly contrast from Riparian rights. As indicated by earlier allotment water rights, the appointment convention is created so as to meet the shortage of water in the specific region and these rights are utilized primarily in the western United States. In spite of the fact that the arrangements in this water right shift from state to state, it by and large keeps up that water rights don't have any association with land proprietorship and it offers arrangements to sell or home loan water in the vein of different properties of people. Ideal instream stream versus ideal hold site determination Ideal instream stream alludes to the measure of water to be left in the stream and it has a huge relationship to ideal site determination. In an investigation of ideal instream stream versus ideal save site determination, it becomes clear that there is an expanding interest for instream stream security from the biological, tasteful, and recreational points of view and the legitimate status of instream stream assurance differs from state to state. To characterize an instream stream, it alludes to the amount of water that develops inside a stream channel at a specific region during a particular period and the financial experts would join instream water rights inside the water rights markets. The ideal stream streams basically show how much water ought to be left in the stream dependent on the different inquiries, for example, social productivity. Import reliance proportion versus reusing proportion Additionally, there is a cozy connection between import reliance proportion and reusing proportion and the similitude and the distinction between these two ideas gain centrality in an investigation of the

The Conflict Between Love And Duty In free essay sample

The Bride Comes To Yellow Sky Essay, Research Paper The battle among adoration and obligation in The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky In this exposition I will talk the battle among affection and duty in Stephan Crane s The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky. In the account there is a constant consideration by the town s marshal, Jack Potter on his ongoing marriage and his obligations and obligations to his town. Potter, late wedded currently needs to partition his obligations to the town with that of his recently marry wedded lady. The marshal s work in the individual businesss of the town has been influenced and changed by his marriage. The marshal is just get bringing down to perceive the result his coming to around with his wedded lady will hang on the town. Jack Potter, the town marshal, had left Yellow Sky to get hitched his lady of the hour stealthily. He, the town marshal of Yellow Sky, a grown-up male known, loved, and dreaded in his corner, a remarkable individual, had gone to San Antonio to run into a miss he accepted he cherished, and at that place, after the standard requests, had truly initiated her to get hitched him, without present withing Yellow Sky for any part of the managing. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Conflict Between Love And Duty In or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He was currently passing on his lady of the hour prior to an unpracticed individual and unsuspicious network. ( 219 ) Potter was worried about what significance his marriage was to the town. He realized beyond any doubt that his marriage was an of import thing to his town. It could only be surpassed by the ignition of the new inn. His companions could non excuse him. Much of the time he had considered the prudence of expressing them by transmit, yet another cowardliness had been upon him. ( 220 ) His wedded lady attempted to get him to express her what was off base with him. He clearly appeared to be a little unable to her. The lady took a gander at him. # 8220 ; What # 8217 ; s stressing you, Jack? # 8221 ; He giggled again. # 8220 ; I # 8217 ; m non upsetting, miss. I # 8217 ; m just idea of Yellow Sky. # 8221 ; She flushed in appreciation. A feeling of basic blame attacked their heads and built up a better delicacy. They took a gander at one another with eyes unobtrusively aglow. Be that as it may, Potter habitually chuckled the equivalent apprehensive giggle. The flush upon the lady of the hour # 8217 ; s face appeared to be very enduring. A feeling of normal blame attacked their heads and built up a better delicacy. They took a gander at one another with eyes discreetly aglow. In any case, Potter as often as possible chuckled the equivalent anxious snicker. The flush upon the lady # 8217 ; s face appeared to be very enduring. ( 220 ) He felt that he had baffled the town by passing on a lady of the hour. He felt as though he double-crossed Thursday e town. The treasonist to the sentiments of Yellow Sky barely watched the hustling scene. ( 220 ) Potter was extremely witting of the primary outcome his new lady had on the town. As they sneaked rapidly off, his hang-hound glimpse apparent that they were droping the two short pantss, what's more that the station-specialist far in front close to the stuff vehicle had turned and was running toward him, doing signals. He giggled, and moaned as he chuckled, when he noticed the primary outcome of his marital happy to the point bursting upon Yellow Sky. He held his wedded lady # 8217 ; s arm immovably to his side, and they fled. Behind them the doorman stood laughing illogically. ( 220 ) Similarly far as a portion of the impacts of being hitched, Scratchy Wilson was marginally in skepticism during their encounter when the marshal said he did non hold a handgun. I m sure in his single life, Potter at any point had an arm. Potter took a gander at his adversary. # 8220 ; I ain # 8217 ; t got a weapon on me, Scratchy, # 8221 ; he said. # 8220 ; Honest, I ain # 8217 ; t. # 8221 ; He was hardening and quieting, however yet somewhere at the dorsum of his head a dream of the Pullman drifted, the ocean green figured velvet, the reflecting metal, Ag, and glass, the wood that shined as hazily splendid as the outside of a pool of oil # 8212 ; all the glorification of the marriage, nature of the new domain. # 8220 ; You realize I battle with regards to fighting, Scratchy Wilson, yet I ain # 8217 ; t got a firearm on me. You # 8217 ; ll need to make all the shootin # 8217 ; yourself. # 8221 ; His foe # 8217 ; s face went colorless. He ventured frontward and lashed his arm back and forth before Potter # 8217 ; s thorax. # 8220 ; Don # 8217 ; t you disclose to me you ain # 8217 ; t got no firearm on you, you whelp. Wear # 8217 ; t state me no lie that way. There ain # 8217 ; t a grown-up male in Texas ever observed you without no firearm. Wear # 8217 ; Ts take me for no child. # 8221 ; His eyes bursted with obvious radiation, and his pharynx worked like a siphon. # 8220 ; I ain # 8217 ; t takin # 8217 ; you for no kid, # 8221 ; addressed Potter. His heels had non moved an inch rearward. # 8220 ; I # 8217 ; m takin # 8217 ; you for a # 8212 ; # 8211 ; # 8212 ; sap. I disclose to you I ain # 8217 ; t got a firearm, and I ain # 8217 ; t. On the off chance that you # 8217 ; re goin # 8217 ; to hit me up, you better get down at this point. You # 8217 ; ll neer get an open door like this again. # 8221 ; ( 224-225 ) Marshal Potter unequivocally was working out his sentiments of duty to the town individuals and his obligations to his wedded lady. He was conflicted between the battles. I presume that it will take him a piece to screen them out. Stephan Crane The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Meyer fifth erectile brokenness. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin s 2000. 218-225

Definition and Discussion of General American English

General American English is a somewhat vague and outdated term for a  variety of spoken American English that seems to lack the distinctive characteristics of any particular region or ethnic group. Also called network English or newscaster accent. The term General American (GA, GAE, or GenAm) was coined by English professor George Philip Krapp in his book The English Language in America (1925). In the first edition of History of the English Language (1935), Albert C. Baugh adopted the term General American, calling it the dialect of the Middle States and the West. General American   is sometimes broadly characterized as speaking with a midwestern accent, but as William Kretzschmar observes (below), there has never been any single best or default form of American English that might form the basis for General American (A Handbook of Varieties of English, 2004). Examples and Observations The fact that I conjugate my verbs and speak in a typical Midwestern newscaster voice--theres no doubt that this helps ease communication between myself and white audiences. And theres no doubt that when Im with a black audience, I slip into a slightly different dialect.(U.S. President Barack Obama, quoted by Dinesh DSouza in Obamas America: Unmaking the American Dream. Simon Schuster, 2012)The term General American is sometimes used by those who expect for there to be a perfect and exemplary state of American English . . .. However, in this essay the term Standard American English (StAmE) is preferred; it designates the level of quality (here of pronunciation) that is employed by educated speakers in formal settings. StAmE pronunciation differs from region to region, even from person to person, because speakers from different circumstances in and different parts of the United States commonly employ regional and social features to some extent even in formal situations.(William A. Kr etzschmar, Jr., Standard American English Pronunciation. A Handbook of Varieties of English, ed. by Bernd Kortmann and Edgar W. Schneider. Mouton de Gruyter, 2004)[T]he standard assumption for American English is that even educated speakers, from certain regions at least (most notably New England and the South), at times use regional pronunciation characteristics and thus speak with an accent; hence, despite the persistent belief in a homogenous General American accent or notions like network English there is in fact no single norm of pronunciation that corresponds to RP [received pronunciation] in England, being a non-regional class dialect.(Edgar W. Schneider, Introduction: Varieties of English in the Americas and the Caribbean. A Handbook of Varieties of English, ed. by Bernd Kortmann and Edgar W. Schneider. Mouton de Gruyter, 2004) Variants in Network English It is important to note that no single dialect--regional or social--has been singled out as an American standard. Even national media (radio, television, movies, CD-ROM, etc.), with professionally trained voices have speakers with regionally mixed features. However, Network English, in its most colourless form, can be described as a relatively homogenous dialect that reflects the ongoing development of progressive American dialects (Canadian English has several notable differences). This dialect itself contains some variant forms. The variants included within this targeted accent involve vowels before /r/, possible differences in words like cot and caught and some vowels before /l/. It is fully rhotic. These differences largely pass unnoticed by the audiences for Network English, and are also reflective of age differences.(Daniel Jones, English Pronouncing Dictionary, 17th ed. Cambridge University Press, 2006) ​​General American vs. the Eastern New England Accent A few examples of differences between some regional dialects and General American or Network English are in order here, though these are necessarily selective. In the characteristic speech of Eastern New England, for instance, rhotic /r/ is lost after vowels, as in far or hard, while it is retained in all positions in General American. A rounded vowel has been retained in Eastern New England in words like top and dot, whereas General American uses an unrounded vowel. Another Eastern New England characteristic is the use of /É‘/ in words like bath, grass, last, etc., where General American uses /a/. In these respects the New England accent shows some similarities with British RP.(Diane Davies, Varieties of Modern English: An Introduction. Routledge, 2013) Challenges to the Concept of General American The belief that American English consists of General American and the Eastern (Northern) and Southern dialect varieties was called into question by a group of American scholars in the 1930s. . . . In 1930 [Hans] Kurath was named the director of an ambitious project called The Linguistic Atlas of the United States and Canada. He patterned the project on a similar European undertaking that had been completed some years before the American project started: Atlas linguistique de la France, which ran between 1902 and 1910. Given the results of their work, Kurath and his co-workers challenged the belief that American English had the varieties Eastern, Southern, and General American. Instead, they suggested that American English is best viewed as having the following major dialect areas: Northern, Midland, and Southern. That is, they did away with the elusive notion of General American and replaced it with the dialect area that they called Midland.(Zoltà ¡n Kà ¶vecses, American English: A n Introduction. Broadview, 2000)Many Midwesterners are under the illusion that they speak without an accent. They may even believe that they speak Standard American English. But most linguists understand that there is not a single, correct way to speak English. So, yes, even Midwesterners speak with an accent.(James W. Neuliep,  Intercultural Communication: A Contextual Approach, 6th ed. SAGE, 2015)It should be emphasized that everyone speaks with an accent; it is as impossible to speak without an accent as to speak without making sounds. When people deny they have an accent, this is a statement of social prejudice and not linguistics.(Howard Jackson and Peter Stockwell, An Introduction to the Nature and Functions of Language, 2nd ed. Bloomsbury Academic, 2011) Also see: Standard American EnglishAccent PrejudiceEthnic Dialect,  Idiolect,  Regional Dialect, and  Social DialectMarkednessPrestigePronunciationStandard English

Harriet the Spy - Controversial Classic Childrens Book

Harriet the Spy by Louise Fitzhugh has delighted kids and outraged some adults for more than 50 years. Spying is a serious business that requires concentration, patience, and an ability to think fast and write faster. Meet Harriet M. Welsch, 11-year-old girl spy and irreverent rebel. Fitzhugh’s classic novel Harriet the Spy, first published in 1964, introduced realism in the form of a flawed main character to an unsuspecting audience. Controversial and charismatic, Fitzhugh’s Harriet was a revolutionary personality bound to stir up dynamic discussion. The publisher recommends the book for ages 8-12. The Story Harriet M. Welsch is an 11-year-old sixth grader with a vivid imagination, a bossy attitude, and a freakish ability to hide in one spot for hours while observing her targets. The only child of a well-to-do New York couple, Harriet lives with her parents, a cook and a nurse named Ole Golly. She has two best friends, Sport and Janie, who are used to Harriet’s take-charge attitude and play along with her imaginary games. Although independent in her spy adventures, Harriet is a girl who depends on routine. Each day follows a schedule including coming home after to school for cake and milk before she takes off on her spy route. After school, she puts on her spy gear and canvases the neighborhood. Whether hanging out in a dark alley listening to the Dei Santi family, clinging to a window ledge to spy on Mr. Withers and his cats, or wedging herself tightly into a dumbwaiter to hear Mrs. Plumber’s theatrical phone calls, Harriet will wait for hours to hear something she can write down in her precious notebook. Life is neat and predictable for Harriet until the day she discovers that Ole Golly has a boyfriend! Dependent on Ole Golly for stability and routine, Harriet is distraught when the nurse announces that she’s getting married and leaving Harriet to start a new life in Canada. Harriet, shaken by this change in routine, focuses more on her spying and writes copious hateful notes about friends and neighbors. Meanwhile, she is fighting with her parents and finding it difficult to concentrate in school. Her troubles come to a head during a game of tag when she realizes her spy notebook has fallen into the hands of her classmates. The classmates’ revenge combined with Harriet’s personal world upheaval put into motion a roller coaster of disastrous events. Author Louise Fitzhugh Louise Fitzhugh, born October 5, 1928, in Memphis, Tennessee, did not have an ideal childhood. Her parents divorced when she was two and she was raised by her father who funded her attendance at Hutchins, an elite all-girl boarding school. Fitzhugh attended college to study painting and started her career as an illustrator. Harriet the Spy, which she also illustrated, debuted in 1964. Louise Fitzhugh died unexpectedly of a brain aneurysm at the age of 46 in 1974. In addition to Harriet the Spy, Fitzhughs Nobodys Family is Going to Change, a realistic novel for middle-grade readers 10 and up, remains in print. (Source: Children’s Literature Network and Macmillan) Controversy Harriet M. Welsch is not only a girl spy; she’s a girl spy with spice and that type of character didn’t find favor with some parents and teachers. Besides being brash, self-centered and prone to throwing full-blown tantrums, Harriet was not the polite demure spy like Nancy Drew with whom most readers were familiar. Harriet cursed, talked back to her parents, and didn’t care that her words were hurtful. According to the NPR feature â€Å"Unapologetically Harriet, the Misfit Spy, the book was banned and challenged by many parents and teachers who felt Harriet was a poor role model for children because she exhibited delinquent tendencies. Harriet, the early critics argued, didn’t spy, but rather gossiped, slandered, and hurt other people without feeling sorry about her actions. Despite the early controversy, Harriet the Spy was listed as #17 on the list of Top 100 Children’s Novels in a 2012 poll of School Library Journal readers and is considered a landmark novel in realistic children’s literature. Our Recommendation Harriet isn’t exactly a paragon of virtue. Spying on her neighbors and friends, writing down mean and hurtful comments, she doesn’t seem truly sorry for her words or actions. Today these characteristics in a fictional children’s book character are not atypical, but in 1964 Harriet was unrivaled as a snarky character who was unafraid to speak her mind or talk back to her parents. Children’s book expert Anita Silvey, who included Harriet the Spy in her book 100 Best Books for Children, describes Harriet as a solid character who stays the same. She doesn’t metamorphose into a nice little girl who is deeply repentant for the harm she’s inflicted. Instead, she’s learned to be a bit more tactful in expressing herself. Harriet is a rebel, and it’s easy to believe that she’s a real person because she stays true to herself. Harriet the Spy is an engaging book for reluctant readers as well as for readers who enjoy stories with unique characters who think and speak outside the box. We recommend this book for readers ages 10-up. (Yearling Books, an imprint of Random House, 2001. Paperback ISBN: 9780440416791) The 50th Anniversary Edition In honor of the 50th anniversary of the 1964 publication of Harriet the Spy, a special hardcover edition was published in 2014, with a number of special additions. These include tributes by a number of well-known childrens authors, including Judy Blume, Lois Lowry, and Rebecca Stead and a map of Harriet’s New York City neighborhood and spy route.  The special edition also includes some of the original author and editor correspondence. Edited by Elizabeth Kennedy, Childrens Books Expert

Ryan White was the most prominent HIV/AIDS activist. He...

Ryan White was the most prominent HIV/AIDS activist. He had become the national poster boy for HIV/AIDs in the United States. Ryan educated the public with knowledge about his disease. Because of Ryan’s experience being broadcasted across the nation, the discrimination of those who had HIV or AIDS was exposed and he spoke out for the rights of those who were living with AIDS. The programs started in his name today are the largest provider of services for people living with HIV/AIDS in the United States. What is HIV/AIDS? HIV stands for â€Å"human immunodeficiency syndrome,† while AIDS stands for â€Å"acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.† AIDS is the final stage of HIV, which causes severe damage to the immune system. In our world today, over 35.3†¦show more content†¦In an interview with People Magazine nine years after his death, Ryan’s mother Jeanne described the types of hardships Ryan had to deal with once news of his disease spread. First, he was banned from Western Middle School. After a nine-month long court battle, Ryan was allowed to return to school, but the decision wasn’t favored by much. Students would spray paint obscenities inside his locker and scatter the hallways whenever he was approaching. Outside of school, the family would receive tons of hate letters, have garbage dumped on their lawn, and would be shunned by restaurant patrons whenever they would eat out. They were even treated poorly at the church they attended, St. Luk e’s United Methodist, where the pastor would have the family sit in the first or last pew so the congregation knew where they were at all times of the service. â€Å"He inspired the nation with his fight to live a normal life and his precociously eloquent advocacy of AIDS awareness, which left a legacy of saved and lengthened lives†¦ When he died at 18 in 1990 of complications from AIDS, Ryan was Americas kid, the innocent face of a plague that many people until then, had dismissed as being the result of irresponsible or sinful behavior† (Jerome). After being banned from his school, Ryan would fight for the right to return. All he wanted was to continue his life as a normal boy, but he wasn’t given that. Eyes were opened nationwide when

Communication and Correct Answer free essay sample

Response Feedback: Communication skills are critical to job placement, performance, and career advancement because the need for well-written messages has increased, oral and written communication skills are the top skills demanded by employers, and digital communication has replaced business letters and memos. . Question 5 . 0 out of 1 points Working with people from other cultures will require tolerance. One of the best ways to become more tolerant is by Answer Selected Answer: a. knowing your communication style. Correct Answer: b. practicing empathy. Response Feedback: Tolerance requires you to have sympathy for and appreciation of the customs of other cultures. You develop this tolerance through practicing empathy, which helps you to see the world through anothers eyes. If you are more individualistic or ethnocentric, you will probably have less tolerance. . Question 6 . 0 out of 1 points Which of the following is a common trait of a business communicator from a low-context culture? Answer Selected Answer: c. We will write a custom essay sample on Communication and Correct Answer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Assuming listeners require little background information Correct Answer: a. Keeping business and social relationships separate Response Feedback: Communicators from low-context cultures keep business and social relationships separate, assume listeners know little and present information directly, value independence, rely on facts, and value getting down to business and achieving results. . Question 7 . 1 out of 1 points Which of the following statements about todays business environments is most accurate? Answer Selected Answer: b. Many employees today no longer need an office; they can work anytime and anywhere. Correct Answer: b. Many employees today no longer need an office; they can work anytime and anywhere.

The Travels Of Marco Polo By Marco Polo (approx. 1254 - 1324) Essays

The Travels of Marco Polo by Marco Polo (approx. 1254 - 1324) The Travels of Marco Polo by Marco Polo (approx. 1254 - 1324) (as told to Rusticiano da Pisa and edited by Francis R, Gemma; originally titled A DESCRIPTION OF THE WORLD) Type of Work: Autobiographical adventure Settings Venice, Italy and overland to Eastern China (Cathay) Principal Characters Marco Polo, a young nobleman, traveling merchant and adventurer Niccolo Polo, Marco's father, also a merchant Maffeo Polo, Niccolo's brother and business partner Kublai Khan, Emperor of China, descendent of Ghenghis Khan Historical Overview Prologue: (The book contains the story of Marco Polo's life and his travels from his home in Venice, Italy across Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Asia to the court of Khan, located in the area now known as Beijing, China. Marco was much liked by the Emperor, who made him his ambassador. The explorer describes his many adventures during his 26-year absence from home. An introduction outlines the biographical events (each that he himself personally witnessed or "heard tell by persons worthy of faith"), and sets us on our way with Marco en route to China.) Two wealthy Venetian gentleman-merchants, Niccolo and Maffeo Polo, sailed eastward from Venice about 1254, leaving Niccolo's infant son, Marco, in the care of his aunt. The travelers journeyed as far as the court of the great emperor Kublai Khan, where they became highly favored. After learning a little about the exotic Catholic religion of his guests, the Khan dispatched envoys to return with them to Italy to meet with the Pope. His desire was that the Pope should lend the services of as many as a hundred scholars to come to his court and prove that the Law of Christ was "most agreeable." If they succeeded, he vowed that he and all his subjects would become Christians. The Polos sailed into Acre, Italy in April of 1269, to the news that Pope Clement had died. Then the brothers journeyed on to Venice to await the anointing of a new pope. But after several years they tired of waiting and began to make their way again to Kubtai's court, this time accompanied by young Marco. Again in Acre, after some backtracking, the three finally met up with the newly-named Pope Gregory of Piacenza. He reluctantly agreed to cooperate with the Khan's commission, but sent only two ambassadors to accompany them. However, these priests soon became discouraged. Unwilling either to endure the privations the journey would require or to sacrifice their lives in the service of pagans, both eventually turned back. Book-by-Book Summary Book I contains Marco's descriptions of his three-and-a-half year journey to Kublai's court. It is a fascinating narrative, with vivid renditions not only of geography, natural phenomena and traveling distances and conditions, but of histories, food preparation and production, trade, religious practices, and customs and oral traditions among the many tribes and civilizations they encountered. Book II tells of life in the court of Kublai Khan. The person of the Khan is admiringly detailed: "He is of a good stature, neither tall nor short, but of a middle height. He has a becoming amount of flesh, and is very shapely in all his limbs. His complexion is white and red, the eyes black and fine, the nose well formed and well set on." The Khan's palaces, his vast court, his government and armies are depicted. An account is given of a battle led by great Khan himself. The narrative reports that "when all were in battle array [one could hear] a sound arise of many instruments of various music, and of the voices of the whole of the two hosts loudly singing. For this is the custom of the Tartars.. ." Portrayals of court affairs such as the marking of the calendar, and the celebration of thousands of festivals and hunting trips, are eloquently recorded. Record-keeping was very important to the Chinese. Each household kept near the front door a list of the names of all the home's inhabitants, and the keepers of hostelries were required to record the names of all travelers and the dates of their visits. Certain chapters relate some of the wondrous inventions Marco saw while serving the Khan. He writes of such marvels as paper money, a system of express messengers, fine highway systems (remnants of which are still in place), and a "black stone" (coal) used for fuel. For all of these wonders Marco gives full credit to the "Great Khan," whom he never tires of praising for his wisdom, power, wealth and skill. Now fluent in four different languages, Marco became a valuable ambassador for the Emperor. Book 11 ends with brief descriptions of his separate missions. Book III recounts in

Money Grocery Store and Students Essay

Money Grocery Store and Students Essay Money: Grocery Store and Students Essay When you are in college it is easy to act like your life is not exactly full of tough decisions. You live with all of your friends, there is always an opportunity to go out, and other than doing well academically, no real responsibility is put on you. Although this lifestyle seems pretty relaxed and carefree, for some reasons college students have high stress levels and always seem to want to take the easy way out, especially with low-involvement decisions. One of these low-involvement decisions is food purchases, although it seems like such a small choice that doesn’t have a large impact on our day to day spending, it turns out that this is something that causes the majority of students to constantly hit the ATM or swipe their credit cards. College students live a lifestyle where they live in the moment but I think that as a choice architect it is important to help students realize the importance of taking the time to make the smart decision and buy groceries instead of take the easy way out and just go out to eat. Shopping at the grocery store will allow students to save large amounts of money every week and also eat healthier. It is easy to explain why students dine out more than they buy groceries. The obvious reason is the general convenience of it all, not just in terms of time but also in terms of thinking. Students are given a menu with all ready-made recipes that are also tried and liked by other students. This is much more convenient that the thought of creating your own meal with the possibility that it may not even come out the way you want it to. Another perceived pro of dining out is the idea of not having to clean up and thinking too hard. With busy schedules often making them hungry and the constant temptation of so many restaurants, students often make compulsive decisions to eat out because they are in a hot state of mind. My last reason that students dine out instead of buy groceries is because it is a large aspect of their social lives. Cafes, eateries, and restaurants are places where students can study together, celebrate something, go on dates, or just hang out with friends. I think it is very reasonable to say that social pressures and groups largely affect dining out. In the Journal of Consumer Affairs, there is a study called â€Å"Money Attitudes, Credit Card Use, and Compulsive Buying among American College Students† that focuses on spending habits among college students. Overall there is a large trend of compulsivity, and lack of thinking and realizing the later costs. Students become doers instead of planners. By encouraging students to purchase groceries instead of going out to eat for instant gratification will help them be more financially stable in the long run. In order to become a choice architect and help students save money by regularly shopping at grocery stores, we must attack the reasons that cause them to go out to eat. Our mission should be to make grocery shopping a fun easy experience that rewards students for making such a smart decision by saving their money. The first issue is convenience; we must help students realize the cost now but strong benefit later by shopping at a grocery store. The best way for students to realize this is to try to make the cost as obsolete as possible. The first way to eliminate personal cost is by creating the most possible convenience. There should be at least two accessible grocery stores on campus, making it easy for students to get there. The

Physical Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Physical Education - Essay Example However, this teaching and learning approach minimizes teachers overall participation in the students learning process. Marching students and teachers experience together ensures a successful learning outcome (Vickerman 2006). Therefore, the minimization of teacher’s participation is a negative impact that this teaching and learning approach can bring to the implementation of national curriculum for PE. It is believed that it can hinder skills development in physical activities and thus hinder achievement of successful learning outcomes. That is why it is always advisable to use this teaching and learning approach in combination with other approaches. The other most widely used learning style is the command style. In this learning style, the teacher makes all the decisions in the learning process (Mohnsen 2008). Command style can combine well with all our three learning styles, which are visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. When combined with these learning styles it assists in the delivering of the PE curriculum in several ways. According to Stidder (2010), this type of teaching style could promote safety during the implementation of the curriculum. This is because the teacher is always under control of all the activities undertaken during a learning process. This actually makes this teaching and learning approach to be very popular in PE education due to the risky activities involved. When this approach is adapted in implementing a PE Curriculum, both positive and negative impacts are experienced. This kind of approach allows delivering of information to a large group of people in a short period (Galligan 2000). The national curriculum for PE is large in terms of content and thus in most cases... The other most widely used learning style is the command style. In this learning style, the teacher makes all the decisions in the learning process. Command style can combine well with all our three learning styles, which are visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. When combined with these learning styles it assists in the delivering of the PE curriculum in several ways. According to Stidder (2010), this type of teaching style could promote safety during the implementation of the curriculum. This is because the teacher is always under control of all the activities undertaken during a learning process. This actually makes this teaching and learning approach to be very popular in PE education due to the risky activities involved.When this approach is adopted in implementing a PE Curriculum, both positive and negative impacts are experienced. This kind of approach allows delivering of information to a large group of people in a short period. The national curriculum for PE is large in terms o f content and thus in most cases, the time allocated is not sufficient. Furthermore, there is always a need to administer it to a large group of students within the little time allocated. This makes this approach very fundamental when it comes to implementation of the curriculum for physical education. However, it also has some negative impacts, especially when used alone to implement a curriculum. The major negative impact of this approach is that it does not give students freedom of choice to reason out a solution to a particular problem.

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Summary - Essay Example Gruwell soon finds out that the students she was stranded with were far different from her expectations. Her class is categorized into four groups – whites, Latinos, Cambodians and blacks. She resorts to unconventional teaching approaches despite the disagreement with her departmental head Margaret Campbell (enacted by Imelda Stauton) and her colleagues. In the course of her determination and campaign she ends up working more in the school and spending less time with her husband which later becomes a source of constant complain from his side, finally leading to their separation. She pulls up money from other part time jobs to buy books for them instead of abiding by the conventions. She begins her campaign by teaching lessons from the Holocaust, which even involves a trip to the Museum of Tolerance. The idea was to generate feelings of harmony irrespective of races. She arranges meetings with the survivors of the Holocaust and reads through The Diary of Anne Frank. Later she i nvites to the class the lady named Miep Gies (enacted by Pat Carroll) who once gave shelter to Anne Frank. Meanwhile parallel to these lessons the boyfriend of a Cambodian student names Sindy gets killed accidentally by Eva’s boyfriend. ... This brings about the climax of the movie (after the first 90 minutes run) where Eva takes a decision, which would bring a twist to the lives of her family and friends. Eva therefore considers saying the truth and gives the right testimony to the rage of several onlookers. The members of her gang initially decide to kill her but owing tot heir respect for their father they back off. A racial discrimination was broken as Eva takes back her decision of defending the criminal boyfriend form her race and instead does what she feels is morally right. This is an evidence of the transformation, which Gruwell was able to embed amongst his students. During her classes Erin always encourages the young students to make entries in their notebooks on a regular basis. The best part of the lessons delivered by Gruwell includes her asking the students to write their notes taken down in their diaries in the form of a book. She alter combines all these documents into a single book known as The Freedom Writers Diary. Later she was asked to stop teaching her students but Gruwell goes on to assure the superintendent of her ways of teaching. Certain distractions like Gruwell’s pearl necklace initially cause interest but later the film takes us to more sublime themes. The movie succeeds in delivering the note of hope along with emotional and intellectual fulfillment. It also exploits the potential of the young performers adequately, especially that of Hernandez. The movie also manages to retain the touch of originality by quoting verses from students’ diaries in order to give rise to the complementary themes or stories. The movie in general has a lot to offer to the audience who look out for something to identify themselves with rather than complete fiction.

Education - Gymnasium Essay Example for Free

Education Gymnasium Essay Education in India today is nothing like it was in Pre-Independence and Post-Independence Era. Education System in India today went through a lot of changes before it emerged in its present form. Present education system in India is also guided by different objectives and goals as compared to earlier time. Present system of education in India, however is based around the policies of yesteryears. After independence, it was on 29th August 1947, that a Department of Education under the Ministry of Human Resource Development was set up. At that time the mission was the quantitative spread of education facilities. After, 1960’s the efforts were more focussed to provide qualitative education facilities. The present research focus on steps through which our indian education system had gone through. The basic moto of this research is to show that india has done serious efforts in education nd has shotremendous development but it is still lacking in comparison with developed nations. This study is an effort to suggest some measures for its improvement. INTRODUCTION Education in every sense is one of the fundamental factors of development. No country can achieve growth without substantial investment in human capital. Education improves the quality of their lives and lead to broad social benefits to individuals and society. Education including formal education, public awareness and training should be recognized as a process by which human beings and societies can reach their fullest potential. The pre british indian Education system comprised of three types  Elementary education Secondary education Higher education Although Higher education is seen as the producer of elite class in society which largely contribute in the system of governance. The dawn of independence saw the significance of higher education in its reach and coverage. At the time of independence, there was bleak situation of higher education in India as the three important indicator:the number of Educational institutions, the number of teachers and the students enrollment in Education. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY First objective of the research is to get a understanding of various Educational changes that have taken place in India from pre Independence era. To study various Act launched for Education growth. To Find current scenario of Education sector in India To suggest some meaningful meausures to improve our Education sector. MYTHODOLOGY The study is based upon secondary data. Data has been collected from various sources like www. world bank. in,UNESCO,UNTDA. Statistical figures are main vehicle to achieve objective. It has studied internet research as well as policy papers and other official documents. CHANGES IN EDUCATION The changes which we are watching today due to education are may be because of various policy of government . Few of them are following: The National policy on Education 1986 had underscored the constitutional resolve to provide quality Education to all. under this policy government decided to review the growth and development of higher Education through five year plan which paid rich dividend in promoting education in India. The Eighty sixth constitutional amendment act in December 2002,made elementary Education a fundamental right for all children in the age group of 6-14. The Government initiated the scheme of area intensive program for Educationally backward minority and scheme of financial assistance of madrasa Education as part of its revised programme of action(1992). Taking into consideration the need for technical Education so that skill is acquired, the Government took steps to open industrial training Institute, medical colleges,polytechnics. At present there are 1500 such Institutes. National adult Education programme was taken up in 1978. The aim was to reach 100 percent literacy (age 15-35) by the year 1990. Its basic pupose was to promote small family. As a result of announcement of national policy on Education priority is given to vocationalisation of secondary Education to make Education relevant to work. A central Institute of Education technology was set up in NCERT to purchase equipment for state Institute of Educational technology. UGC was set up in 1955 for coordination and determination of standards. UGC  has taken steps to implement the recommendations of new policy on education such as autonomous colleges,centers of advanced studies in universities, establishment of education media research center and audio visual research center for the use of media and setting up academic staff colleges for training and orientation of college teachers National program for nutritional support to primary Education was launched in 1995 under which food grains is provided to childrens in primary classes. The program assures 199 gm of grain per day for attending school for at least 80 percent of total school days in a month. Following India independence a number of rules were formulated for backward scheduled caste and scheduled tribes of India. Special reservation are also provided for scheduled caste and scheduled tribes example a reservation of 15 percent in kendriya vidyalaya for scheduled caste and another reservation of 7. 5 percent in kendriya vidyalaya fot scheduled tribe. CURRENT STATUS There were 20 universities and 496 college at the time of Independence At present universities and university level institutions-504 State universities-243 State private universities-53 Central universities-40. Deemed universities-130 Institutions of National importance established under act of Parliament-33 Institutions established under various state legislation-5 In addition there are 25951 college including atound 2565 women college Table-1: All India Growth of institutions Year. Universities Colleges. Total 1947-48. 20 496. 516 1950-51 28. 578. 606 1960-61. 45 1819. 1864 1970-71. 93 3227. 3320 1980-81. 123. 4738 4861 1990-91. 184 5748 5932 2000-01 266 11146. 11412 2004-05 348 17625. 17973 2005-06. 355. 18064. 18419 2006-07. 367. 19000 19367 2007-08. 416. 20677 21093 2008-09. 480 22000. 22480. 2009-10 504. 25951. 26455 Source: UGC To promote higher education, college were established to provide specialized professional or vocational training. The first ever college in india was during the British rule in 1817,the CMS college kottaysm in kerela. After induction of new education policy, college education got flip and has increased manifold. Women enrolment was less than 10 percent of total enrollment on eve of Independence and it was risen to 41. 40 percent Number of teachers in 1950 were 15000 , in 1991 teachers were 272 thousand and in 2004 it was 457 thousand , in 2010 it was 699 thousand. Number of students enrolled in 1950 was 0. 1 million , in 1991 it was 4. 9 million,in 2004 it was 9. 95 million and in 2010 it reaches to 14. 6 million. EVIDENCE As Indias higher Education system is one of the world largest, enrolling nearly 22 million students in more than 46000 institutions. The changing landscape of higher education should be noted by key administrator, particularly government should be aware of the opportunity for institutions to nurture entrepreneurial growth and establish partnership with various organization to address community needs. Indias government currently plays a command and control role in higher Education. Under government oversight, public universities set curricula, determine courses offering, administer exam and grant degrees. But in 12th five year plan government key policy for economic development theory 2017 proposes a steer and evaluate role that allows a greater degree of self regulation and enforces higher level of accountability across the education system institutions The Economic development through Education is clearly evident in market ,demand for service which have pace. ADVANCEMENT Today development of Education in India has attained new level essentially after the independence of country. India is developing nation and it has been expanding in every field. Development of Education in India brought about a transformation and the concept of Education got modified. India got well known Educational institutions such as IITs,IIMs,AIIMS,, ISB,ISI. Indias higher Education system is the third largest in world after China and Uk. The Development of Education has traveled a longway and thus Indian Education system introduced certain advantageous system such as online Education in India. Online Education is a system of Education training which is delivered primarily via the Internet to students at remote location. Online Education enables the students to opt for many online degrees or courses from various university In the modern times, students are provided with extensive scope and courses to choose from and they enjoy the opportunity of selecting the required field. The system of distance Education in India is becoming increasingly popular. The student choosing distance learning process are benefitted with modern pattern followed. Development of Education in India ensures that all Indian citizens will receive Education in spite of financial constraints or unavailability of college and school. In addition the non formal Education is launched which is about acknowledging the importance of Education, learning and training which takes place outside recognized Educational institutions. It is the process of learning throughout life. PROBLEMS Undoubtedly India has made a vast improvement in education sector but stilk it lacks in some or the other way like  1)The enrollment rate in India had shown progress of gross enrollment rate in higher education to 17. 2 percent over the years yet it was short as per the world standard as seen,the Country was behind China 19 percent and UK 60 percent and USA 82 percent 2) The teacher strength in institutions of higher education was far from adequate. 3)Gross enrollment has increasd but were not matching anywhere with developed countries 4)Wide variations are seen in rural and urban areas 5)Regional disparities are also visible. 6)Education given is irrelevant according to job market  7)Innovation and creation are missing from the field 8)Education is seen as a object of providing immediate skills and tools, not means for future growth 9)By far one of the most pressing problem is that unavailability of money or inadequate funding of Indian Education system. RECOMMENDATIONS Our Education system still in this era faces many problems. funny thing is that from colonial times, few things have changed. we have established IITs,IIMs and other Institute of excellence. Students now routinely score 90 percent marks still find difficult to get into college of their choice. we live in a country where the people see Education as means of climbing the social and economic ladder. Some of the useful measures to improve our education system are following: 1)Private capital should be allowed in Education to reach at excellence level and compete with developed nations 2)Personalize education should focused as one size does not fit all humans. So Education should be given according to its demand. 3)Implement massive technology infrastructure for Education 4)Focus on skill based technology according to modern era 5)Reward creativity, original thinking, research and innovation. 6)Redifine the purpose of Education system 7)Take mediocrity out of the system 8)Policy makers in India should continue to develop and implement an accreditation system that can over time become a key measure of quality. 9)An Effort is needed to gradually phase in methods to link funding to quality measure. 10)Raising the level of Education, to be competitive like developed nations. 11)Identify the need of business and industry, then supply Education to fulfill their demand REFERENCES Ministry of Human Resource Development. (2001). Selected Educational Statistics 2001-2002, Government of India, New Delhi. Ministry of Human Resource Development. (2001). Annual Report, 2003-2004, MHRD, Government of India, New Delhi. Shukla, Snehlatha, et. al (1998). Attainment of Primary School Children in India, NCERT. Strides in Education in India, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India Registrar General and Census Commissioner. (2001). Census of India 2001. Provisional Population Totals Paper-I of 2001, Controller of Publications, New Delhi. Ministry of Human Resource Development, Analysis of Budgeted Expenditure on Education 2000-01 to 2002-03, Government of India,New Delhi.

Nanotechnology :: Science Scientific Nanotechnology Papers

Nanotechnology Before I can really address this topic properly I have to answer â€Å"What is Nanotechnology and why the hype?† Currently the term nano has been thrown around a lot in recent years. Mostly this is the desire of researchers to grab the research money that is out there and using buzz words do help turn heads. Nanotechnology is a grab bag of different fields of science. It takes from condensed-matter physics, engineering, molecular biology and large swaths of chemistry. Even the government was convinced by the hype to create The National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) is a multi-agency program intended to provide a big funding boost to nanoscience and engineering. But what constitutes nanotechnology research? Even scientists have a hard time with that question. "It depends on whom you ask," Stanford biophysicist Steven M. Block told at a symposium on nanotechnology. "Some folks apparently reserve the word to mean whatever it is they do as opposed to whatever it is anyone else does." But what most scientists seem to agree on is what is considered Nanotechnology. Which is the future manufacture of molecular size materials, devices and possible machines. On the other hand many leading scientist that are pushing for the development of nanotechnology see it as molecular manufacturing or, more simply, building things one atom or molecule at a time with programmed nanoscopic robotarms. The reason we have this great interest in using nanostructures stems comes from the idea that superior electrical, chemical, mechanical or optical properties may be achieved at these smaller scales. Also biological and medicine research in the nanotechnology area is on its way. One company, Quantum Dot Corporation, has already has been doing research in semiconductor quantum dots as labels in biological experiments, drug-discovery research, and diagnostic tests, among other applications. Nano is receiving enthusiastic scrutiny from some big companies in the Standard & Poor's 500-stock index. Led by IBM, Lucent Technologies, and Hewlett-Packard, along with Samsung and Siemens , big industrial companies are pumping significant sums into nanotech research, as are governments around the world. Buckyballs--those soccer-ball-shaped carbon molecules discovered in 1985 by a team led by Rice University's Richard E. Smalley--are roughly 1 nm in diameter. Carbon nanotubes are about 1.4 nm thick. The latest entrants: slightly fatter nanotube-like wires made from silicon, gallium nitride, and other semiconducting materials. These nanotubes are showing some of the most potential for use in both research and applications ranging from computers to ultra high strength cables.

Determination of water of hydration Essay

Observation of copper sulfate No copper sulfate Light blue After heating for about 2-3 minutes, of the powder turns lighter and then into grey-white. Water released as vapor is observed from this point. After heating for another 2-3 minutes, of the powder turns into grey-white. After heating for 10 minutes, the whole part of the powder turns into grey-white with some parts of light green The whole part of the powder remains grey-white with some parts of light green The whole part of the powder remains grey-white with some parts of light green * Mass of hydrated copper sulfate (g) = (46.08 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01) – (43.78 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01) = 2.30 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.02 (g) * Mass of water (g) = ( 46.08 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01) – (45.22 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01) = 0.86 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.02 (g) * General reaction: hydrate anhydrous salt + water CuSO4.xH2O CuSO4 + xH2O m 2.30 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.02 (g) 0.86 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.02 (g) M 160 +18x (g/mol) 18x (g/mol) * n xH2O (mol) = n CuSO4.xH2O = = (0.86 )(160 + 18x) = )18x 160(0.86 ) + 18x(0.86 ) = )18x 160(0.86 ) = 18x(1.44 0.04) x = = = 5.3 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.3 Conclusion: The value of x in CuSO4.xH2O is quite similar to the value on the label (literal value) of the hydrated copper sulfate jar (% of difference is 6%) Evaluation Limitations Effects Improvements The number of experiments carried out is not enough (Random error) If the data obtained are inaccurate; as a result, the value of x calculated will be inaccurate Do the experiment many times When cooling the crucible, water can be reformed in copper sulfate (random error) Weight of the crucible may increase Use a data logger computer to take the mass of the crucible continuously until the mass remains unchanged The flame is too strong (random error) Some copper sulfate molecules may be decomposed Keep the flame at a reasonable height and temperature

Italian Verb Conjugations Rispondere